Non-Finite Verbs (Verbals)
A Non-Finite is not a verb.
It is a different part of speech.
Finite
Verbs : They denote main action or work done by
subject (doer).
e.g. work, sleep, play, read, study, stand, win,
laugh, sing, teach, write, etc.
Non-Finite
Verbs : These verbs don’t denote an action and
don’t function as verb. They function as noun or adjective.
e.g. to work, to sleep, to play, to study, standing,
winning, laughing, writing, etc.
Types
of Non-Finite Verb :
There are three kinds of Non-Finite Verb -
1.
Infinitive – To + V1 (
Work of Noun )
e.g. to play, to sleep, to sing, to know, to study,
to go, to live
1. I go to school to study. (Purpose)
2. I went to Agra to visit Taj Mahal. (Purpose)
3. To err is human and to forgive is
divine. (action)
4. He likes to play cards. (hobby)
5. I wept to see
the dead bodies in the battle ground. (reason)
2.
Gerund – A Gerund is a Non-Finite Verb (verbal)
that ends in –ing and functions as a noun.
Gerund – V1 + ing (
Work of Noun )
e.g. playing, watching, running, breaking, reading,
studying, working
1. I love playing Cricket.
2. Walking in the morning is good for health.
3. Reading good literature enriches us.
Functions
of Gerund :
A Gerund can be used as a
subject
to the verb,
object
to verb,
complement
to verb, and
object
of preposition.
For
example :
1. All appreciated my singing. – Object to
Verb
2. He apologized for being late. –
Complement to preposition
3. What I detest most is smoking. -
Complement to verb
4. Swimming was her favourite activity. –
Subject to Verb
Note : A
Gerund usually is the answer of ‘what’. It is the name of some activity or work
hence it is noun.
3.
Participles – A Participle is a form of a verb
(Non-Finite) that functions as an adjective.
For example – I love to see the rising sun.
Rising is the Participle because it is a verb
describing the noun—sun.
There are three kinds of participle: present, past
and perfect participle.
1.
Present participle – 1st form of verb – V1 + ing
e.g. leaping, blazing,
withering
Clouds hid the shining stars.
I am scared of approaching storm.
2.
Past participle – 3rd form of verb ( V3 )
e.g. Pumped, burnt,
broken
I can’t draw with this broken pencil.
He was wearing a tattered coat.
3.
Perfect participle – having + 3rd form of verb
e.g. having eaten, having read, having
completed
Having completed
my homework I went out to play.
Having been beaten
he got furious.
Note – Participles aren’t preceded by helping verbs and finite verbs
or main verbs take helping verbs before ing forms.
e.g. The speeding sedan
hit the tree. ( participle )
The sedan was speeding down the road. ( finite verb)
More
Examples :
My friends were playing in the ground. ( finite verb )
I am working for a shoe manufacturing
unit. ( finite verb ) & ( participle )
He is playing his part very well. ( finite verb )
Today I saw a spinning
wheel. ( Participle )
Difference between Gerund & Present Participle
Let’s practise:
Daniel started doing his homework at 6 pm. -
Gerund
The old man was tired of walking. - Gerund
I love to watch the rising sun. - Participle
I cannot go on doing nothing. - Gerund
Walking
is the best exercise. -
Gerund
Who invented the spinning wheel? - Participle
Hunting
a tiger is banned in our country. - Gerund
I like reading poetry. - Gerund
Jumping
over the fence, the thief escaped. - Participle
Praising
all alike is praising none. - Gerund
I saw the clown standing on his head. -
Participle
Hearing
the noise, I woke up. - Participle
I admire your acting. – Gerund
Exercise 1.
Tell whether non-finite verb in following sentences is
Gerund or Present Participle.
1. A rolling stone gathers no moss.
2. He was found fighting desperately for his life.
3. Asking questions is always easier.
4. The miser spends his time in hoarding money.
5. Success is not merely winning applause.
6. Singing to herself was her chief delight.
7. They spent whole afternoon playing cards.
8. Amassing wealth often ruins health.
9. I thank you for teaching me a lesson of life.
10. I saw a man walking on the rope.
Answers :
1. Rolling –
Present Participle 2. Fighting – Present Participle
3. Asking – Gerund 4. Hoarding – Gerund
5. Winning – Gerund 6. Singing – Gerund
7. Playing – Present Participle 8. Amassing – Gerund
9. Teaching – Gerund 10. Walking – Present Participle
Exercise 2. Pick out non-finite verbs and specify
their types.
1. It was a lost battle.
2. The captain saved the sinking ship.
3. You are sitting on a broken chair.
4. While playing the baby slept in his bed.
5. A burnt child dreads fire.
6. They rose early to play in the park.
7. The baby was happy to see the birds flying in the
air.
8. The moving train stopped suddenly and avoided the
accident.
9. We go to school to study.
10. Having worked hard whole day I slept soundly.
Answers :
1. Lost – Past Participle 2. Sinking - Present
Participle
3. Broken – Past Participle 4. Playing – Present Participle
5. Burnt – Past Participle 6. To play – Infinitive
7. To see – Infinitive, Flying – Present Participle 8. Moving – Present Participle
9. To study – Infinitive 10. Having worked – Perfect Participle
5. Burnt – Past Participle 6. To play – Infinitive
7. To see – Infinitive, Flying – Present Participle 8. Moving – Present Participle
9. To study – Infinitive 10. Having worked – Perfect Participle
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